مصادر الصور
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(5-1) Total crime (Uniform Crime Reports), USA, 1960–2015 (Figures taken from the FBI’s uniform crime reports, compiled by the Disaster Center (DisasterCenter. Com): http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/uscrime.htm).
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(5-2) Police-reported crime rates, Canada, 1962–2015 (From http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2016001/article/14642-eng.htm).
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(5-3) Recorded crime, England and Wales, 1960–2015 (Based on data drawn from Home Office historical crime data: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/historical-crime-data; and Office for National Statistics: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/bulletins/crimeinenglandandwales/yearendingjune2016).
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(5-4) Crime in England and Wales, 1981–2016 (crime survey data) (Based on data included in the ONS publication ‘Crime in England and Wales: Year ending March 2017’ https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/crimeandjustice/bulletins/crimeinenglandandwales/yearendingmar2017#what-ishappening-to-trends-in-crime).
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(5-5) An advert for Prudential Insurance, 1924 (By permission of Prudential plc).
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(6-1) Population under the control of the US corrections system, 1980 and 2015 (Data drawn from the Bureau of Justice Statistics in the US: https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpop93bk.pdf).
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(6-2) Changes in imprisonment and crime rates, selected states, USA, 1994–2012 (The Pew Charitable Trusts http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2014/09/pspp_crime_webgraphic.pdf?la=en).
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(6-3) Estimated police crime reduction in New York City, 1990–2009 (Drawn using data from Franklin E. Zimring (2011) The City that became Safe. Oxford University Press).
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(7-1) Federal and state prison population, and incarceration rate, USA, 1950–2013 (Data drawn from the Bureau of Justice Statistics in the USA: https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cpop93bk.pdf).
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(7-2) Prison population and incarceration rate, Australia, 1982–2015 (Data taken from Prisoners in Australia, published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics).
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(7-3) Correctional supervision rate, Canada, 1980–2011 (Chart 1 in Mia Duvergne, Adult correctional statistics in Canada, 2010, 2011, Statistic Canada Juristat, http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2012001/article/11715-eng.pdf).
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(8-1) Major outcomes of the High/Scope Perry Pre-School Project for participants at age 27 (High/Scope Educational Research Foundation (1999) High-Quality Preschool Program Found To Improve Adult Status. Ypsilanti, MI: High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, http://www.highscope.org/research/Perry%20fact%20sheet.htm. Copyright © 1999 HighScope Educational Research Foundation. Reprinted with permission from the HighScope Educational Research Foundation).
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(8-2) Suicides, total and by domestic gas, England and Wales, 1958–77 (Data taken from Clarke, R.V. and Mayhew, P. (1988) The British Gas suicide story and its criminological implications, Crime and Justice, Vol. 10. Chicago: University of Chicago Press).